ABSTRACT
This thesis report is properly documented to facilitate the presentation
of the proposed fire service station.
The existence of fire service station in Nigeria and its system of
operation which enhances the design of proposed station. Although there are
some various problems which are to be tackled like circulation, zoning and
other services.
Nevertheless there are several goals that are achieve through the study
and design of fire station by providing good circulation system, adequate
services and good elevation that will help to promote the confidence and trust
of the people.
All these are achieve through proper integration of the background study
of fire station, creation of possible entrance of fire appliance different from
its exit and also through installation of water hydrant and overhead tanks at
appropriate location within the site to enhance sufficient water supply.
Furthermore the result of the design report was comprehensive and legible
for easy understanding of fire station, its purpose and method of operation.
Finally if all this are integrated into the design, the station will
achieve its aim and good working environment.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
i
Certification ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii
Dedication ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iv
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
v
Table of content ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
vi
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
1.0
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1
Problem statement………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.2
Goals of the project design……………………………………………………………………………..……. 1
1.3
Aim……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………. 2
1.4
Objective………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………. 3
1.5
Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………..3
1.6
Motivation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4
1.7
Research Methodology / Project design method………………………………………………….. 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE RE VIEW
2.1
Background information of existing fire service station…………………….………………………………
7
1.
Historical development and trend in different part of
the world……….…………………………….. 7
2.1.3 History of fire fighting in England……………………………………………………………………………………
8
2.1.4 History of fire fighting in Nigeria……………………………………………………………………………………
10
2.1.5 Types of fire service
station building…………………………………………………………………………….. 11
2.1.6
Functions of fire station………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
2.1.7
Mode of operation of fire service station ……………………………………………………………………… 14
2.1.8
Executive members of fire services station……………………………………………………………………..
17
2.1.9
Policies of fire service station
……………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
2.1.10
Events of the fire services station…………………………………………………………………………………... 19
2.1.11
Fire appliances……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
2.1.12
Uses of fire……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
2.1.13
Causes of fire………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
2.1.14
Hazard created by burning…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
2.1.15 Benefits of fire service station
….…………………………………………………………………………………….. 31
2.2 Planning
considerations………….……….……………………………………………………………………………………. 32
2.3 Design
considerations……………………….…………………………………………………………………………………… 34
2.4
Deduction from literature review….….……………………………………………………………………………………. 37
CHAPTER THREE
CASE STUDIES
3.1
Enugu state fire service station…………………………………………………………………………………
38
3.1.1
Client……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.1.2
Architect/ contractor ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.1.3
Brief History …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 39
3.1.4
Location …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
3.1.5
Function …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
3.1.6
Programmed Element ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40
3.1.7
Relationship between programmed element…………………………………………………………….. 40
3.1.8
Planning concept ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 40
3.1.9
Environmental control ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 42
3.1.10
Service needed …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
3.1.11
General Appraisal ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 44
3.1.12
Construction materials and method ………………………………………………………………………….. 44
3.1.13
Merits………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
3.1.14
Demerits……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45
3.1.15
Deduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 46
CASE STUDY TWO
3.2
Owerri Fire Service Station………………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
3.2.1
Client …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47
3.2.2
Architect/ contractor …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47
3.2.3
Brief History……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
48
3.2.4
Location……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 48
3.2.5
Function ………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………. 48
3.2.6
Programmed element ……………………………………………………………………….……………………….. 48
3.2.7
Relationship between programmed element……………………………………….……………………… 48
3.2.8
Planning Concept …………………………………………………………………………………..……………………. 49
3.2.9
Environmental control …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 49
3.2.10
Services needed …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50
3.2.11
General Appraisals ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 50
3.2.12
Construction materials and methods ………………………………………………………………….………… 51
3.2.13
Merits…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…….. 51
3.2.14
Demerits…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 52
3.2.15 Deductions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
52
FOREIGN CASE STUDIES
3.3 South Sea fire station Portsmouth
England …………………………………………………………………… 53
3.3.1
Client ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 54
3.3.2
Architect ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……… 54
3.3.3
Contractors ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….. 54
3.3.4
Design background ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
3.3.5
Location……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….. 55
3.3.6
Site and plan layout ..…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 55
3.3.7
Scope……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 55
3.3.8
General appraisal………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
3.3.9
Structure……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 56
3.3.10
Merit…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
3.3.11
Demerit…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 57
3.3.12
Deduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58
CHAPTER FOUR
PLANNING PROPOSALS
4.0 Location …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………59
4.1
Accessibility…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
4.2
Service…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 60
4.3 Climate……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
61
4.4
Soil …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63
4.5
Vegetation………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 64
4.6 Adjoining
development…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
4.7
Topography……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 65
4.8
Environmental Impact assessment……………………………………………………………………………… 65
4.9
Structural morphology (road network) ……………………………………………………………………….. 66
4.10
Zoning of the site……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 66
4.11
Architectural composition…………………………………………………………………………………………... 66
4.12 Site
orientation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 67
4.13 Site
selection criteria…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 67
4.14
Planning proposals……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 68
CHAPTER FIVE
DESIGN
CONSIDERATION
1.
Programmed element…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
71
5.1
Spatial requirement/
accommodation schedule … …………………………………………………………………… 72
1.
Relationship
matrix…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 73
2.
Functional provision ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
73
5.4
Administrative department……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 74
1.
Operation
department……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 76
2.
Training
department……………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………. 77
3.
Design concepts……………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………
79
4.
Structural
resolution……………………….………………………………………………………………………………………… 79
5.
Material.…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
79
6.
Cost
implication……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 79
7.
Design
consideration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80
5.12
Design proposals……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 83
5.13
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 84
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 85
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Fire: A friend
to man and a threat to humanity. The word “FIRE“is one of the most dreaded
expressions in every language because it has proved to be as dangerous as its
usefulness. Controlled fire is useful to man but uncontrolled fire is one of
man’s worst enemies. Thousands of lives and properties are lost each year
through uncontrolled fire.
1.1PROBLEM STATEMENT
Most of the fire service stations in
the country are dilapidate, no architectural interest. Are mostly sited in the
areas that are not located within the residential areas which are bound to have
higher risk of fire outbreak.
Most of the fire service station does
not have enough space for storage of chemicals and fire equipments.
There is no good integration of the
building into the landscape and the urban area of the town.
1.2 GOALS OF THE PROJECT DESIGN
There are many goals to be fulfilled
in the design of this fire station. Among these are:-
1.
Achievement
of architectural aesthetics within the fire station.
2.
Achievement
of ample space for effective maneuvering of vehicles within the station and in
relation to the highway.
3.
Achievement
of effective functional relationship in the various parts of the station.
4.
Achievement
of good communication links within the station.
1.3AIM
Fire stations are functional building
with strictly utilitarian emphasis. The main aim of this design is to provide a
related, civilized atmosphere in the midst of a tough working environment that
is a place where the workers can relax
and enjoy themselves when on stand by or off-duty.
To achieve this, the fire service
station will be made to be as aesthetically appealing as possible. Recreation
rooms and sports activities will also be provided as much as possible.
The landscape will be such as to create
a relaxing effect and provide an atmosphere of privacy for the workers.
Another aim of this design is to solve
the communication problems inherent in the design of a fire service station
that is:
1.
To
provide separate circulation systems for weary work stained firemen returning
from calls or duty, architects going to the fire-preventing offices for
approval of their drawings and other visitors calling at the station.
2.
Firemen
should be able to leave and be on their
way 30 to 45 second after receiving a fire alarm, in this regard, the crew room, recreation room, control room
and appliance bay should be designed in such a way that communication
between then will take as little time as
possible.
3.
The vehicular access and exist points in the
site should have enough radius curve and visibility to allow the vehicle to
have a fast exist out of the station.
1.4OBJECTIVE
Objective of the fire station are to
provide the following
1.
A
good maintenance section,
2.
Provide rooms large enough for the storage of chemicals,
fire extinguishers and other equipment
3.
To
provide a drill tower which is architectural and a good training ground for the
students and workers in the fire station.
1.5
SCOPE
There are many scope to be fulfilled
in the design of this fire station. Among these are:
1.
Achievement
of architectural aesthetics within the fire station.
2.
Achievement
of ample space for effective movement of vehicles within the station and in
relation to the highway.
3.
Integration
of effective good communication links within the station.
4.
Integration
of the fire station into a well landscape environment.
5.
Achievement
of effective functional relationship in the various parts of the station.
1.6 MOTIVATION
The rate of increase in fire outbreak throughout Nigeria is
becoming alarming especially during the dry season. There has been a steady
increase in the number of lives lost and the amount of property damaged over
the years.
Most Nigeria towns
or city do not have well equipped fire station. The few places where fire
station exists, the structures are totally unsuitable. The task of providing
modern fire stations for effective fire coverage is important if the town and
its inhabitants must sustain the advancement of the 20th century
including large scale industrialization and commercial enterprises.
In
most cases, Ogui fire station, Enugu State, it is appalling that the existing
fire station is in its most rudimentary form. It lacks operational,
administrative, training and recreational facilities. It is therefore calls for
complete re-designing in order to save the state from its ever increasing
annual loss of property 
