final year project topics and materials

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page:      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      i

Approval page:       -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -       ii

Dedication:     -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      iii

Acknowledgments: -      -      -      -      -      -      -      iv

Table of contents:  -      -      -      -      -      -      -      vi

List of tables:  -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      x

Abstract: -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      -      xii

                            CHAPTER ONE

    INTRODUCTION:          

1.1      Background of the study:      -      -      -      -      -  1        

1.2      Statement of the research problem:-    -      -  5        

1.3      Objectives of the study: -      -      -      -      -  7 

1.4      Significance of the study:      -      -      -      -      -  8        

1.5      Research   Questions:    -      -      -      -      - 10       

1.6      Research Hypotheses:    -      -      -      -      - 10   

1.7  Definition of terms: -      -      -.     -      -      - 12 

  1.8  Assumptions of the study:     -      -      -      -16                 1.9  Limitation of the study:  -      -      -      -      -17

     References:      -      -      -      -      -      -      -18

                          CHAPTER TWO

2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW:      -      -      -      -      -  19

2.1      Sources of Literature:    -      -      -      -      -- 20

2.2      Review of Relevant Literature:      -      -      -      - 20       

2.2.1    Female attitude towards journalism:     -      - 21       

2.2.2     Discrimination against women journalists:   - 26       

2.2.3     Reasons why female journalists shy away from their

      professional  duties: -      -      -      -      -      -29        

2.2.4        Impressions about female Journalists:  -      -32 

2.3              Theoretical Framework   -      -      -      -      -34 

2.4                    Summary of Literature:       -      -      -      -      -37 

References:    -      -      -      -      -      -      -39

                              CHAPTER THREE

     METHODOLOGY:    

3.1      Research Design:    -      -      -      -      -      -42 

3.2      Area of study: -      -      -      -      -      -      -43 

3.3      Populations of the study:      -      -      -      -      -43 

3.4      Research sample and sampling Technique:   -44 

3.5      Instruments used for data collection:    -      -45 

3.6      Validity of the instrument:     -      -      -      -46        

3.7      Method of data collection      -      -      -      -46 

3.8       Method of data analysis:      -      -      -      -      -47 

       References:    -      -      -      -      -      -      -48    

                     CHAPTER FOUR

 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA:         

4.1  Data presentation and analysis:     -      -      -49        

4.2   Hypotheses Testing:      -      -      -      --    -65        

4.3   Discussion on  findings: -      -      -      -      -74        

         References:  -      -      -      -      -      -      -78

                     CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY: 

5.1      Summary :     -      -      -      -      -      -      -79 

5.2      Conclusion:     -      -      -      -      --    -      81 

5.3      Recommendations  for further study:   -      84  

     References:      -      -      -      -      -      -      86    

        Bibliography: -      -      -      -      -      -      87 

       Appendix:       -      -      -      ---   -      -      ---   91

LIST OF TABLES

Respondents agreement on the attitude of female mass communication students………………... Table1.

Respondents profession recommendation for women …….. Table 2

Respondents agreement on the discrimination against female Journalists……. Table 3  

 Respondents assessment of the number of female Journalists in the field ………. Table 4

Respondents responses on the shyness of female Journalists in terms of carring out their duties ……… Table 5

Respondents response on the practicing opportunity of women Journalists ……….. Table 6

Respondents agreement on the impressions about female Journalists ….. Table 7

Respondents agreement of the difficulty of female Journalists getting married ………. Table 8

Respondents response on time for other family activities ….. Table

Respondents response on problems facing female Journalists …… Table 10

Test of Hypothesis  1 (H1) ------- Table 11

Test Hypothesis 2 (H2) ………. Table 12

Test Hypothesis 3 (H3) ……… Table 13

Test Hypothesis 4 (H4) …….   Table 14

Test Hypothesis 5  (H5) …….   Table 15    

                         

Abstract

The researcher in this work focused on the Attitude of Female Mass Communication Students Towards Journalism As a Career. It is believed that a large number of female trained journalists are produced from different higher Institutions in our country, but only a few go into the filed to practice their Journalism profession. This is why the researcher dimmed it fit to research into the image of female Journalists. Research questions are constructed to guide the researcher in her study. Relevant related literatures are reviewed to show that similar research work has been carried out, and a theoretical framework has been discussed to support the study.  Survey method was adopted, and this made it possible for the researcher to select an appropriate sample size of 150. Using appropriate tools like questionnaire and personal interview, the researcher was able to study a population too large to be observed personally. The researcher adopted a simple percentage and frequency table with simple descriptive analysis to explain the tables. Hypotheses which are formed from the research questions are tested to enable the researcher know if certain claims she made on this work received statistical support or not. At the and of the study, the researcher was able to find out that Female Mass Communication Students have Negative Attitude Towards Jocularism As a Career. Also that female roles as mothers and wives are some of the problems facing female Journalists. The researcher also recommended that salaries of the working journalists should be increased so as to motivate and change the Negative Attitude of Female Mass Communication Students Towards Journalism As a Career. Also, our culture and society at large should stop discriminating against female Journalists so that they can practice their profession perfectly.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1     BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

       Journalism is the collection, preparation and distribution of news and related commentary and feature materials through such media as pamphlets, newsletter, magazines, Radio, Motion Pictures, Television, the internet and books.

       The earliest known Journalists product was a newssheet in ancient Rome called the ACTA DIURNA published daily from 59 BC, it was hung in prominent places and recorded important social and political events.

        Journalism in the 20^th century was marked by a growing sense of professionalism. In our society today it has been observed that female student Journalists have negative attitude towards taking Journalism as a career. This negative attitude is highly reflected in the number of mass media houses.

       Almost all institution of higher learning in Nigeria offer mass communication courses leading to the award of various degrees

and certificates, including National Diploma, higher National Diploma, Bachelor, and masters degrees.

       The increase in the number of female graduates from all these Institutions are not reflected in the media of communication in the country. Each Year, hundreds of female students graduate as mass communicators. A close look shows that the number of female Journalists students surpassed the number of males. But in the filed today, a good number of these female graduates are not seen working in the various media houses scatted all over the country.

       Reference to the convocation booklets from these schools revealed that a good number of female mass communication students graduated from these schools. In the year 1997, about 150 female Journalists graduated from federal polytechnic Oko. The Ogun state polytechnic in the same year turned out about 86 female Journalist students. Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu had about 140 female graduates. Bida polytechnic had about 26 female graduates from the department of mass communication.

       In July 1996, the Ogun state polytechnic turned out 146 female student Journalists in both OND and HND levels, The Institute of management and Technology (IMT) Enugu turned out about 120 female student graduates in both ND and HND levels (1996 convocation lists/booklets).

       Similarly with other mass communication schools in the country for instance, in 1995, the convocation booklets of the University of Nigeria Nsukka, revealed that 45 female students graduated from the department of mass communication. In the year 2008, Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) Awka turned out about 58 female graduates from the department of mass communication. Between the year 2008 and 2009, Caritas University Enugu graduated over 50 female Journalists.       

       Presently, in my class in the department of mass communication, we are 54 students in number. 51 out of the 54 students are females while only three are males. In other levels, the number of female students surpassed the number of male students in the department of mass communication with a great difference.

       In recent years, media houses in the western countries lack trained female Journalists in the various communication activities. Invariably, it has been the same in Nigeria and this could be seen in most cases of the media houses in Nigeria. There has been an imbalance in the number of female, and   male  trained  Journalists working with them.

       Those who are worried about this situation said that if there were more women than men seeking jobs in the media houses and they all have the same ability and background, more men get the jobs. (women in communication pg 8) she noted that women could only be awarded a job if they are had working and qualified, they must be awarded or offered  a job in the Journalism profession.

       The Enugu Television Authority has about twenty five trained Journalists on its staff. Five out of the twenty-five are female. The Daily star newspaper has only six female Journalists on its staff.

       The situation is similar in other media institutions throughout Nigeria and in most western countries.

1.2      STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

        This study was undertaken because of the low participation of the female Journalist graduates towards practicing Journalism as their career. Despite the fact that there is considerably good number of trained female journalists, very few of them are working with media houses in Nigeria.

       A large number of female Journalists are produced from different Institutions offering mass communication, but

 female participation in the profession is very negligible.

       According to Omenugha (2004:4) “One thing that is glaring in the Nigeria media is the near absence of Nigerian women as news makers”. Though Nigeria is developing, it has gotten to a stage where the female Journalists and their male counterparts should be competing in the media houses.

       The number of female Journalists in the field is very few compared to the number that graduates from Journalism schools and universities. The female tend to run away from practicing   Journalism. Women Journalists are not often seen as lecturers neither do women help in the development and promotion of the profession unlike in other professions where the female and male compete and seek superiority over each other.

       This dormant attitude of females towards the profession has resulted to the males claiming superiority over them in the field and as such not portraying a good image of women in the society. This is because most men in the society believe that Journalism exposes the practitioners and makes the female counterparts loose their dignity.

       Many female Journalists who work in the media sometimes do not show keen interest in their job. This affects the female practitioners as the male practitioners always tend to over shadow them both in position and in interest to work.

1.3         OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 

        Because of the way the image of our women in our society are been portrayed when it